civilwartestseries

 

VALUATION - Art of assuming the present value of a property  I. VALUER : an expert in valuation of a property through scientific method  II. GROSS INCOME : total income of a property  III. OUTGOINGS : all the expenses like tax, repair etc.  IV. NET INCOME : gross income - outgoing  V. RATABLE VALUE : net annual letting value ( gross income - repair )  VI. ANNUITY : annual periodic payment for repayment of the capital amount invested by the party.  VII. CAPITAL COST : total cost of construction including land  VIII. MARKET VALUE : amount obtainable at a particular time if put for sale on market  IX. BOOK VALUE : original cost - depreciation  X. YEARS PURCHASE : capital sum required to be invested in order to get an interest of 1 rs  XI. CAPITALIZED VALUE : amount of money whose annual interest @ highest prevailing rate of interest equal to the net income of a property • capitalized value = net income x years purchase  X...

  DEDUCTION  • MASONRY : < 0.1 m2 - no deduction  • PLASTERING :  < 0.5 m2 - no deduction  0.5 - 3 m2 - one side deduction  > 3 - both side deduction  • End of beams, rafters, purlins < 0.05 m2 - no deduction  • Bearing of floors, roof slabs etc. - no deduction DIGREE OF ACCURACY  • Volume - 0.01 m3  • Area - 0.01 m2  • Dimension - 0.01 m  • Weight - 1kg  QUANTITY CALCULATION  PCC  • Maximum size of aggregate 40 mm  • For 1 m3 PCC - 0.95 m3 coarse aggregate is required  RCC  • Maximum size of aggregate 20 mm  • For 1m3 RCC - 0.90 m3 coarse aggregate is require  RCC For 1:1.5:3  Wt of cement = (1/3) x 0.90 x 1440 = 432 kg  Wt of sand = (1.5/3) x 0.90 x 1600 = 747 kg  PCC For 1:4:8  Wt of cement = (1/8) x 0.95 x 1440 = 171 kg  Wt of sand = (4/8) x 0.95 x 1660 = 760 kg PLASTERING  1:3 - 0.14 m3 / 10 m2 (sand) cement = (1/3) x 0.14 x 1440 = 67 kg...

ESTIMATION : done to find out the anticipated cost of work before the construction starts  VALUATION : done after the construction  ESTIMATE : Probable cost calculated based on drawings , specification , current rate TYPES OF ESTIMATES PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE  • PLINTH AREA : only plinth area is considered. ( L x B ) (less accurate)  • CUBIC RATE : height is also considered (L X B X H )  • APPROXIMATE QTY : running meter DETAILED ESTIMATE  • REVISED : made if amount exceeds > 5% of sanctioned estimate > 10% during construction material deviation occurs  • SUPPLIMENTARY ESTIMATE : if extra additional works occurs  • SUPPLIMENTARY & REVICED : work completed within 95 % of sanctioned amount.  TERMS  I. CONTIGENCIES : expenses for unexpected work 3 - 5 %  II. ANNUAL REPAIR & MAINTANANCE : 1 - 1.5 %  III. TOOLS AND PLANTS : for big projects separate estimate for tools and plants required 1 - 1.5%  IV. WORK CHAR...