CLAY PRODUCTS

TILES 

• thin slab of brick burned in kiln 

1. COMMON TILES : used for paving roofing flooring 

2. ENCAUSTIC TILES : used for decorative purpose in floors, walls, ceilings 

COMMON TILES 

• Manufacture steps 

i. Preparation of clay 

ii. Molding 

iii. Drying 

iv. Burning : sial kote kiln for 72 hrs @ 1300*c 

TYPES OF COMMON TILES 

1. DRAIN TILES : porous , used in irrigation 

2. FLOOR / PAVING TILES : used in paving 

3. ROOF TILES : covering pitched roof 

i. ALAHABAD TILES : have projections used for interlocking 

ii. CORRUGATED TILES : has corrugations on surface 

iii. FLAT TILES : ordinary 

iv. FLEMISH TILES : shape of letter S 

v. GUNA TILES : hollow tapered, conical in shape 

vi. MANGALORE TILES 

a. CLASS AA 

b. CLASS A 

vii. POT TILES / LOCKING TILES : ordinary half round country tiles 

viii. PAN TILES : short & heavy 

ix. ENCAUSTIC TILES : 3 layers - body, face, back

TERRACOTTA 

• Baked earth 

• Baked in muffle furnace @ 1200*c for 4 days 

i. Porous terracotta : adding saw dust to clay 

ii. Polished / fine terracotta / faience 

• Burned at low temp (650*c - process called biscuiting ), then at high temp 1200*c 

• Soft porous , when glazes become impervious 

• Used for drain pipes 

STONE WARE 

• Prepared form refractory clay 

• Burned at high temp, cool down slowly 

• Impervious, strong, durable 

• Used in wash basins, water closet, sewer pipes etc 

PORCELAIN/WHITE WARE 

• Used as electric insulators i. Low voltage ii. High voltage