civilwartestseries

💥 As per ICAO, minimum width of safety area for instrumental runway is 300m.  💥 The engine failure case for determining the basic runway length may require either clear way or runway.  💥 The minimum width of clear way is 150m.  💥 Air port reference temp=Td+ (Tavg-Td)/3.  💥 The basic runway length should be increased at the rate of 7 percent per 300m rise in elevation above the mean sea level. [54]  💥 Zero fuel weight of an aircraft is equal to the sum of empty operating weight and maximum pay load.  💥 As per ICAO for aircraft serving big aircraft, the cross wind component should not exceed 35kmph.  💥 Calm period the wind intensity should be less than 6.4kmph.  💥 For landing case the aircraft should stop at 60% of landing distance.  💥 According to ICAO all markings on the runway are white colour.  💥 In instrumental landing system, the middle markers are located about 1 km ahead of the runway threshold.  💥 The centre to c...

💥 PERT technique of network is mainly useful for research and development projects.  💥 Expected project duration generally follows normal distribution curve.  💥 Site being located does not represent the activity.  💥 Critical path is always longest.  💥 Cost slope=(Cc-Cn/Tn-Tc).  💥 The direct cost of a project with respect to the normal time is minimum.  💥 The reduction in project time normally results in increasing the direct cost of the project and decreasing the indirect cost.  💥 Economic saving of time results by crashing the cheapest critical activity.  💥 The process of changes and rescheduling or re planning called updating.  💥 Slack time refers to an event.  💥 Slack time in PERT analysis is minimum for critical events.  💥 Interfering float results in total float and free float.  💥 Activity is resource consuming, event is instantaneous stage.  💥 Dummy is a resource less element.  💥 Sheep foot rolle...

💥 Pascal second is the unit of dynamic viscosity.  💥 An ideal fluid is frictionless and incompressible.  💥 Cm^2/sec is the unit of kinematic viscosity.  💥 NS/m^2 is the unit of dynamic viscosity.  💥 Kinematic viscosity=(dynamic viscosity/mass density).  💥 Surface tension of water increases with decrease in temperature.  💥 Centre of buoyancy is always coincide with the centroid of the volume of fluid displaced.  💥 A floating body is said to be in a state of stable equilibrium when the meta centric height is above the centre of gravity.  💥 Stream lines and path lines always coincide in case of steady flow.  💥 Equation of continuity is based on principle of conservation of mass.  💥 The pitot tube is used to measure stagnation pressure.  💥 Venturi meter is used to measure the discharge.  💥 The major loss of energy in long pipes is due to friction.  💥 The losses are more in turbulent flow.  💥 Trapezoidal sh...

💥 Bleeding-separation of water or water cement mixture from the concrete.  💥 Segregation-separation of aggregates from the concrete.  💥 Workability of the concrete directly proportional to the grading of the aggregate.  💥 Workability of the concrete inversely proportional to the time of transit.  💥 Approximate value of shrinkage strain is 0.0003.  💥 Air entrainment in the concrete increases workability.  💥 Strength of the concrete increases with increase in fineness of cement.  💥 Characteristic strength of concrete is given by 0.7 (fck)^(1/2).  💥 The compressive strength of 100mm cube is more compare to the 150mm cube.  💥 Modulus elasticity of concrete is 5700(fck)^(1/2).  💥 Increase in moisture content in concrete reduces the strength in concrete.  💥 The purpose of accelerator is to cause early setting and hardening.  💥 Gypsum is most commonly used admixture.  💥 The percentage of voids in cement approximatel...

💥 Gypsum is a mechanically formed sedimentary rock.  💥 Quartzite is a silicious rock.  💥 Slate is formed by metamorphic action on shale.  💥 Heavy stone is suitable for retaining wall.  💥 Hard stone is suitable for rubble masonry.  💥 Soft stones is suitable for ornamental work.  💥 Quartzite has most weather resisting characteristics.  💥 A good building stone should not absorb water more than 5%.  💥 Compact sand stone has more fire resisting characteristics.  💥 Weight test is conducted on a stone used in docks and harbours.  💥 Granite stone is best suited for construction of piers and abutments.  💥 Crushing strength of good building stone should be more than 100mpa.  💥 Specific gravity of most of the building stone lies between 2.5 to 3.  💥 Pith-annular rings-heartwood-sapwood - cambium layer-inner and outer bark.  💥 Shisham is hard wood and offer maximum resistance to the white ants.  💥 Star shakes...

💥 Use of metering system causes the decrease in per capita consumption.  💥 1.5 is the hourly factor, 1.8 daily factor and 2.7 is the peak demand.  💥 The distribution mains are designed for maximum hourly demand.  💥 Geometrical method is used for young and rapidly developed cities for forecasting the population.  💥 Arithmetical method is used for large cities.  💥 As compared to geometrical method arithmetical method gives less value.  💥 Intakes are installed for drawing the water from the sources.  💥 Reflux valve provided on the suction pipe in a tube well.  💥 The maximum discharge in tube well is 50lit/sec.  💥 As compare to the shallow wells deep wells have more discharge.  💥 Ground water is generally free from suspended impurities.  💥 Malaria is not a water borne disease.  💥 The most common cause of acidity in water is co2.  💥 The phenol compounds in water supply not more than 0.001ppm.  💥 1.5mg/litre ...

💥The rail is designated by its weight per unit length.  💥 Carbon and manganese are the 2 important components used in steel for rail.  💥The length of rail BG and MG is 13m and 12m.  💥Largest dimension of rail is height.  💥Largest percentage of material in the rail is in head.  💥The purpose of providing the fillet in rail section is to avoid stress concentration.  💥52kg rails are used in broad gauge.  💥60R rails used in meter gauge.  💥Ordinary rails are made of high carbon steel.  💥The main function of fish plate is to join the two rails together.  💥Number of fish bolts per fish plate is 4.  💥Gauge is the distance between the running faces of the rail.  💥Broad gauge provided in main cities.  💥Meter gauge-undeveloped areas.  💥Narrow gauge-thinly populated areas.  💥Tilting –the process of giving inward slope of 1in 20.  💥Coning – the process of giving the outward slope of 1in 20.  💥 Hoggi...

💥 Nagpur road plan prepared by assuming radial or star and grid pattern.  💥 The sequence of four stage of survey in a highway alignment is map study, reconnaissance survey, preliminary survey and detailed survey.  💥 The shape of the camber best suited for concrete pavements is straight line.  💥  Skidding -when the path travelled along the road surface is more than the circumferential movement.  💥  Coefficient of friction is less when the road surface is smooth and wet.  💥  Camber in the road is provided for effective drainage.  💥 The desirable length of overtaking zone as per IRC is 5*OSD.  💥 SSD60% steep terrain.  💥 As per IRC the max limit of super elevation in plain terrain is 1in15.  💥 For the design of super elevation for mixed traffic condition the speed is reduced by 25%.  (e)equilibrium=V^2/127R.  (e)max=V^2/225R.  💥 W= Wm+Wps= (nl^2/2R)+(V/9.5R).  💥 In case of hill roads the extra widen...

🔥 Border flooding is used on rolling land.  🔥 Delta=(8.64B/D).  🔥 The duty is largest on the field.  🔥 The ‘ outlet discharge factor ’ is the duty at the head of water course.  🔥  Water application efficiency is the ratio of water stored in the reservoir to the water delivered in the field.  🔥 Useful water for plant growth is capillary water.  🔥 consumptive irrigation requirement The amount of irrigation water required to meet the evapotranspiration needs of the crop during its full growth  🔥 Hydrograph is the graphical representation of runoff and time.  🔥  Soil moisture deficiency -the depth of the water required to bring the soil moisture content to the field capacity.  🔥 Cyclonic precipitation is caused due to the lifting of an air mass due to the pressure difference.  🔥  Convective precipitation is caused due to the temperature difference.  🔥  Simons rain gaug...

💥 Theory of probability applied to accidental error only.  💥 The difference between the most probable value and its observed value is residual error .   💥 Geodetic surveying is different from plane surveying because curvature of the earth is considered.  💥 The error due to bad ranging is cumulative positive.  💥 Offsets are short measurements from chain line.  💥 Invar tape is generally used for short measurements.  💥 An invar tape is made of an alloy of nickel and steel .  💥 Number of links in a 30m chain are 150.  💥 Ranging is the process of aligning the chain in a straight line between two extremities.  💥 The principle of ‘working from whole to part’ is used in surveying because of accumulation of errors can be prevented.  💥 A metallic tape is made of cloth and wires.  💥 For a well conditioned triangle no angle should not be less than 30* and not more than 120*.  💥 The position of a point can be fixed mor...